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An Overview of Gadolinium-Based Oxide and Oxysulfide Particles: Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications
Benita Ortega Berlanga
MARIA DE LOURDES BETANCOURT MENDIOLA
CESAR MANUEL DEL ANGEL OLARTE
LUIS HERNANDEZ ADAME
SERGIO ROSALES MENDOZA
ALMA GABRIELA PALESTINO ESCOBEDO
Acceso Abierto
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas
DOI: 10.3390/ cryst11091094
URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/11/9/1094
ISSN: 2073-4352
Gd2O3, Gd2O2S, nanoparticles, optical properties, biological applications
"In the last decade, the publications presenting novel physical and chemical aspects of gadolinium-based oxide (Gd2O3) and oxysulfide (Gd2O2S) particles in the micro- or nano-scale have increased, mainly stimulated by the exciting applications of these materials in the biomedical field. Their optical properties, related to down and upconversion phenomena and the ability to functionalize their surface, make them attractive for developing new probes for selective targeting and emergent bioimaging techniques, either for biomolecule labeling or theranostics. Moreover, recent reports have shown interesting optical behavior of these systems influenced by the synthesis methods, dopant amount and type, particle shape and size, and surface functionality. Hence, this review presents a compilation of the latest works focused on evaluating the optical properties of Gd2O3 and Gd2O2S particles as a function of their physicochemical and morphological properties; and also on their novel applications as MRI contrast agents and drug delivery nanovehicles, discussed along with their administration routes, biodistribution, cytotoxicity, and clearance mechanisms. Perspectives for this field are also identified and discussed."
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2021
Artículo
Crystals
Inglés
Ortega-Berlanga, B.; Betancourt-Mendiola, L.; del Angel-Olarte, C.; Hernández-Adame, L.; Rosales-Mendoza, S.; Palestino, G. An Overview of Gadolinium-Based Oxide and Oxysulfide Particles: Synthesis, Properties, and Biomedical Applications. Crystals 2021, 11, 1094. https://doi.org/10.3390/ cryst11091094
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